This time we can focus on the plural.
| Number Liczba |
Person Osoba |
Pronoun Zaimek |
In English Po angielsku |
In Spanish Po hiszpańsku |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular Liczba pojedyncza | 1 osoba | Ja | I | Yo |
| 2 osoba | Ty | You | Tu | |
| 3 osoba (♂) | On | He | El | |
| 3 osoba (♀) | Ona | She | Ella | |
| 3 osoba (⚲) | Ono (To) * | It | Eso | |
| Plural Liczba mnoga | 1 osoba | My | We | Nosotros |
| 2 osoba | Wy | You | Ustedes | |
| 3 osoba (♂) | Oni | They | Ellos | |
| 3 osoba (♀) | One | They | Ellas | |
| 3 osoba (⚲) | One (To) * | They | Esos |
*One means they (neuter), but it is barely used at all. Most sentences in neuter gender would be using To (this/these)
| In Polish Po polsku |
In English Po angielsku |
|
|---|---|---|
| ⚲ | Dziecko | Child |
| ♂ | Chłopak | Boy (teenage boy, boyfriend) |
| ♀ | Dziewczyna | Girl (teenage girl, girlfriend) |
| ⚲ | Ciasteczko | Cookie * |
From now on pl. will be the abbreviation for plural.
| In Polish Po polsku |
In English Po angielsku |
|
|---|---|---|
| pl. ⚲ | Dziecko | Child |
| pl. ♀ | Dziewczynki | Girls (little girls) |
| pl. ♂ | Chłopcy | Boys (little boys) |
| pl. ⚲ | Ciasteczka | Cookies * |
| English verb Czasownik po angielsku |
Dictionary form Bezokolicznik |
Singular Liczba pojedyncza |
Plural Liczba mnoga |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 os. | 2 os. | 3 os. | 1 os. | 2 os. | 3 os. | ||
| Ja | Ty | On/Ona/ Ono/To |
My | Wy | Oni/One/To | ||
| have | mieć | mam | masz | ma | mamy | macie | mają |
| like | lubić | lubię | lubisz | lubi | lubimy | lubicie | lubią |
To make a sentence a question You can add Czy at the beginning, or just add a question mark at the end.
| Czy jesteś głodna? | Are you hungry (♀)? |
| Masz dzieci? | Do you have children? |
Czy means whether, or, or if. It can be used to start questions for other verbs.
If you want to search for the cases of a word in a dictionary, you should look to the table labeled: Odmiana przypadek. For now let’s review the rules for the new words from the lesson.
https://mowicpopolsku.com/polish-grammar/cases/instrumental/ Something is defined as being something else. Instrumental male, if it ends in g or k, i is added before the instrumental em k → kiem g → giem
| Chłopakiem: | Jesteś chłopakiem | You are a (teenage) boy. |
Instrumental female, same rules as before a → ą
| Dziewczyna: | Jestem dziewczyną | I am a (teenage) girl. |
https://mowicpopolsku.com/polish-grammar/cases/accusative/ The direct object - what is being affected by the verb? Accusative neuter (plural), so it doesn't change.
| Ciasteczka: | One mają ciasteczka | (♀)They have cookies. |