Singular - Liczba pojedyncza | Plural - Liczba mnoga | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Polish | English | Polish | English | |
⚲ | Ubranie | Outfit | Ubrania | Clothes |
♂ | Kapelusz | Hat (with a brim) | Kapelusze | Hats (with brims) |
♀ | Czapka | Cap (wool or baseball) | Czapki | Caps |
♂ | Płaszcz | Coat | Płaszcze | Coats |
♀ | Spódnica | Skirt | Spódnice | Skirts |
♀ | Sukienka | Dress | Sukienki | Dresses |
♀ | Koszula | Shirt | Koszule | Shirts |
♀ | Bluza | Sweatshirt | Bluzy | Sweatshirts |
♂ | But | Shoe | Buty | Shoes |
♀ | Skarpeta | Sock | Skarpety | Socks |
♀ | Skarpetka | Sock (but cute)* | Skarpetki | Socks (socksies) |
♀ | Kurtka | Jacket | Kurtki | Jackets |
pl. nmp. | Spodnie | Trousers | ||
pl. nmp. | Majtki | Underwear, panties, underpants |
We notice that we have our first non-masculine personal nouns that are so just by default. These are nouns that are hardly ever used in singular. Have you heard of a single trouser? Most likely you always wear a pair of trousers, or a pair of panties, not a single panty. So in the same fashion, these words aren’t particularly feminine or neuter, just… non-masculine personal. By the way, since ubrania is neuter and not nmp. you might wonder “what is the singular of clothes?” And the answer to that would be ubranie - a single outfit. Not that it is in this lesson but I thought it interesting. * We have seen words like this before, and it’s another topic of Polish grammar. How to make things tiny or cute. It’s not this lesson’s content, but I’ll put it as just a little note, in case in the future other words like this might appear in Duolingo. If you have studied Spanish before this would be easy to understand, but here’s a few examples:
Dziewczyna - Girl (teen) | Dziewczynka - Little girl |
Ciasto - Cake | Ciasteczka - Cookie |
Skarpety - Socks | Skarpetki - Socksies |
Herbata - Tea (actual tea leaves) | Herbatka - Tea (anything that’s an infusion, including tea) |
English verb Czasownik po angielsku |
Dictionary form Bezokolicznik |
Singular Liczba pojedyncza |
Plural Liczba mnoga |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 os. | 2 os. | 3 os. | 1 os. | 2 os. | 3 os. | ||
Ja | Ty | On/Ona/ Ono/To |
My | Wy | Oni/One/To | ||
wear | nosić | noszę | nosisz | nosi | nosimy | nosicie | noszą |
(Nosić - To wear) is always in Present Simple. This means someone “wears pants” as in, it is a thing they do often, but it is not in Present Continuous, as in, they might not be currently “wearing pants” right now as of this moment. This is the difference between “wears” and “is wearing”. As with other verbs we’ve seen before, whatever the subject is wearing will be in accusative.
Mali ludzie noszą małe ubrania | Small people wear small clothes. |
To jest but | This is a shoe |
Te ubrania są stare | These clothes are old |
Dziewczynka nosi sukienki | The girl wears dresses |
Nosisz sukienkę | You wear a dress |
Chłopcy noszą kurtki | The boy wears jackets |
Wy nosicie małe czapki | You wear small caps |
Ona nosi czapkę | She wears a cap |
Ona ma nowe majtki | She has new panties* (remember plural nmp. adjectives end in -e.) |
On nosi stare spodnie | He wears old trousers* (remember plural nmp. adjectives end in -e.) |